Protocolos TCP y UDP

La arquitectura TCP/IP proporciona dos protocolos de transporte:

Protocolo de Control de Transmisión (TCP) , que aporta confiabilidad (se asegura de que los
segmentos llegan).
Protocolo de Datagramas de Usuario (UDP), que no aporta confiabilidad (se envían los
segmentos pero no hay seguridad de que hayan llegado).

TCP vs UDP

TCP: es el paso previo imprescindible para iniciar una comunicación. Una vez que se ha establecido la conexión, cualquiera de los dos extremos de la misma, puede empezar a transmitir, y terminar la conexión en el momento que se desee.

Por tanto es muy importante tener claro:

  • TCP obliga al establecimiento previo de una conexión antes de comenzar a transmitir. Establece y negocia una
    conexión permanente entre origen y destino antes de reenviar tráfico. (Orientado a Conexión)
  • Ofrece control de flujo y de errores, con lo que garantiza al nivel de aplicación un servicio fiable, por lo tanto los paquetes se entregan en el orden previamente establecido.
  • Ensamblado en el mismo orden: los segmentos pueden llegar desordenados, al numerar los segmentos, se pueden rearmar en el orden correcto. La numeración y el seguimiento de los segmentos de datos transmitidos hacia un host específico desde una aplicación determinada.
  • Entrega confiable: se asegura que cada segmento llegue al destino.El acuse de recibo o reconocimiento de datos recibidos. (El proceso TCP es similar al envío de cartas certificadas con acuse de recibo)
  • La retransmisión de cualquier dato sin acuse de recibo después de un tiempo determinado.

UDP: no es necesario un establecimiento de conexión previo para iniciar la transmisión. (No orientado a conexión)

  • Sin control de flujo, por lo tanto existiría la posibilidad de entrega de segmentos duplicados o desordenados.
  • Es ideal para aplicaciones que no requieren confiabilidad (rápido ya que no agrega la sobrecarga de la confiabilidad).
  • Es proceso UDP es similar al envío de cartas simple.

TCP vs UDP

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