Comandos de red en Ubuntu/Debian

1.       ifconfig   //Este comando solo muestra las interfaces que están funcionando o “arriba”. Con este comando vemos la IP local de la máquina en la LAN.

2.       ifconfig -a  //Muestra todas las interfaces de red, habilitadas o deshabilitadas.

3.       Ifconfig [nombreinterfazDeRed]    [IP]   netmask   [máscaraDeRed]  //Con este comando ponemos IP y Mácara a nuestra máquina.

  • 1ª Forma ifconfig eth1 10.33.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
  • 2ª Forma ifconfig eth1 10.33.1.2/24

4.       cat /etc/network/interfaces  // Configuración de las tarjetas de red y sus direcciones IP asignadas.

5.       /etc/init.d/networking restart  //reinicia el servicio de red.

6.       /etc/init.d/networking stop  // Para el servicio de red.

7.       /etc/init.d/networking start  //Inicia el servicio de red.

8.       ifconfig eth0 up/down //habilita o deshabilita la interfaz de red eth0.

9.       Ver IP de la puerta de enlace

netstat –nr

               route –n   //muestra la tabla de enrutamiento

nslookup 127.0.0.1

10.   Para DNS

sudo apt-get update && apt-get install dnsutils

cat /etc/resolv.conf   // Vemos direccciones IP de los servidores DNS asignados a la máquina

cat /etc/hosts  //Vemos el contenido del archivo hosts

11.   curl ip.appspot.com   //Vemos la IP pública

 

Ejemplo cambiar IP Linux desde la consola

Podemos cambiar la interfaz de red temporal o permanentemente.

Si necesitáis reiniciar las interfaces de red:

sudo/etc/init.d/networkingrestart

  • Temporal:

Paso 1. Configurar la IP

ifconfig eth0 10.33.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

Comprobar

ifconfig

Paso 2. Configurar GateWay

route add default gw 10.33.1.1

Comprobar

route -n

Paso 3. Configurar DNS

echonameserver 10.33.1.200 > /etc/resolv.conf

O editar el fichero y ponerlo a mano

  • Permanente:

Editamos /etc/network/interfaces

En primera instancia, agregaremos un # al inicio de la línea iface eth0 inet dhcp, de esta forma deshabilitamos la configuración automática por DHCP.

Ya tenemos todos los datos para configurar la IP, procedemos a agregarlos al archivo:

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static

address 10.33.1.2

netmask 255.255.255.0

gateway 10.33.1.1

 

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